Smyrna The Church of Suffering
In Christian writings, Smyrna represents "suffering." In the letter to the church in Smyrna, Jesus told them that He knew their sufferings and poverty....
Pergamum The Religious City
In the King James Bible, this city is called Pergamos, but in Turkey, it is called Pergamum, and that is the correct spelling.
Period of...
Pergamum’s Great Library and Temples
Pergamum was not only famous for its great temples, but it also had the greatest library in the pagan world. The library had over...
Roots of Pharmacy
Recording Centuries of Medical Wisdom
In the times of Roman imperial power and culture, scholars started documenting all the medical knowledge gathered through years of...
Archaeological Discoveries in Ephesus
Uncovering the Past
Exploring Ancient Streets and Buildings
Various parts of Ephesus have been uncovered, revealing historical streets and public structures:
City Market and Bouleuterion (Council Meeting...
Basil II part 19
15. Psellus seems to have misunderstood the chronology of Basil’s reign, for the Lord Chamberlain was deposed in 985 and died in exile soon...
Basil II part 18
3. Basil the Lord Chamberlain (parakoimomenus) was the illegitimate son off Romanus I Lecapenus (9l9-944) and had been promoted to his high office by...
Basil II part 17
When he gave rein to his horse and rode in the assault, he was erect and firm in his saddle, riding uphill and downhill...
Basil II part 16
34. Basil’s character was two-fold, for he readily adapted himself no less to the crises of war than to the calm of peace. Really,...
